By: Lisa Reyenga, PE, GEI

Where historical NAPL fires were extinguished using AFFF, PFAS may be retained in the subsurface in residual NAPL mass, at the air- or NAPL-water interface, or as a viscous LNAPL/PFAS microemulsion (LPME). PFAS retention in-situ and potential presence of LPME with phase behavior that is very different from both the LNAPL and PFAS require special consideration for management or treatment. This article summarizes the current understanding PFAS partitioning to NAPL and potential LPME formation for consideration in-situ characterization and remedial design…………read more.

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